过去完成时态的用法

什么是过去完成时?顾名思义，过去完成时代表着在过去的某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，也就是说，如果一个动作发生在过去的过去，我们就可以用过去完成时。下面我就讲讲过去完成时的用法。

一、过去完成时的用法

1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。

The pl*** had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。

By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经**了一万多病人。

2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如：

He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。

He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。

He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。

3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如：

Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。

4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。

He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。

We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.

我们刚开始就被叫停。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话，这是***次。

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的比较

1. 当一个由before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.

做完早操后，我们吃早饭。

The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他到月台时火车刚开走。

They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。

2. 按时间顺序叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作时，用一般过去时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进屋子，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。

3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。

We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。

4. 在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词，如：already，yet，since，for，ever，never及次数名词等时，常用过去完成时来表示。

When we got there the basketball match had already started. 我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。

The old man said that he wanted to go where he had never been. 老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。

5. 如果句中出现了表示具体的过去时间的状语，句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子的内容为历史事实时，句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如：

The teacher said that it was Columbus who first discovered the American continent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。

6. 表述说话人始料未及的事情时，句子的谓语动词常用一般过去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响，常会用错时态。

过去完成时的用法

过去完成时是把时间推移到过去某一时间之前，与现在不发生联系，由"had + -ed分词"构成。以下是由我整理关于过去完成时的用法，提供给大家参考和了解，希望大家喜欢!

一、过去完成时的基本用法

过去完成时与现在完成时相似，也有“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法，所不同的是，过去完成时将时间推移到过去某一时间之前，即所谓的“过去的过去”。具体地说，它既可表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，也可表示从一个较早的过去持续一个较迟的过去的动作：

He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。

By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours. 到6点钟时他就已工作了12小时。

二、正确运用过去完成时的 方法

正确运用过去完成时最重要的是要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对时间，即它相对于一个过去时间而言，并在其过去。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过一定的时间副词(状语)体现出来，有时则可能是通过一定的上下文来体现：

I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。

The house was quiet. Everybody had gone to bed. 屋子里很安静，大家都睡觉了。

"Was Jack at the office?" "No, he’d gone home." “杰克在办公室吗?”“不在，回家了。”

【注】有些通常与现在完成时连用的词语，由于在一定的语境中，谓语动作移到了“过去的过去”，也应用过去完成时。比较：

We haven’t seen each other since we left Paris. 自从离开巴黎后我们一直没见过面。

I saw Mr Smith last Sund***. We hadn’t seen each other since we left Paris. 上周星期天我见到史密斯先生了，自从离开巴黎后我们还一直没见过面。

三、表示过去未曾实现的想法

过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算，通常连用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等：

I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。

I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想发言，但时间不允许。

We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didn’t. 我们本想你来看我们的，但你没有来。

过去完成时用法

过去完成时用法讲解

1、概述

过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语,也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下代表示.

His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected. 当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时,她兴奋得两眼闪光.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12岁时,爱迪生就开始自己谋生.

2、构成

过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成.其否定式、肯定式、疑问式如下表：

肯定式 否定式 疑问式

I(we) I(We) you

You had read it. had not read it Had they read it?

He(She, They) He(She ,They) he

注意：had not 常简略为hadn't.

They asked me to have a drink with them and said it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink. 他们请我和他们一起喝酒,并说我自上次喝酒到现在至少十年了.

We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.到上个月末为止,我们已经学了30课.

He said we hadn’t seen each other since I left Beijing.自从我离开北京,我们还没见过面.

3、过去完成时的用法

过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样.不同的是,过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前,与现在无关.

（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作.这个过去的时间状语有by, before等介词短语或when, before等引导的从句.

Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her hu***and came home. 海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了,因此她不得不等她丈夫回来.

When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始了.

He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告诉我他以前参观过长城.

By the end of the match, they had kicked 2 goals, and we had kicked 4.比赛结束时,他们踢进了2个球而我们踢进了4个球.

When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been aw*** for almost an hour.杰克到达后得知玛丽走了近一个小时了.

（2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去的动作,常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用.

The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 听到这个消息我并不感到吃惊.工厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了.

By the time I left the school, he had t***ght the class for 3 years.到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.

He said he had made great progress since he came here.他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步.

（3）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句或as if从句中表示与过去事实相反

If he had seen you yesterd***, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你,他就会问你这件事了.

I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.假如我过去知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了.

He described the scene as if he had been there.他描绘的景色如同他去过那里一样.

Had I known that you wanted the book, I would have sent it.如果我知道你要这本书,我会送来的.

（4）表示假设的宾语从句

放在像said,told,asked,thought,wondered等过去时动词的后面,表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情.

My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我,他已通过了考试.

He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他问我头一天晚上是否看过那部电影.

She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道谁敞着门的.

（5）用在 "It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中

在此句型中,主句用了一般过去时,that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时.

This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是39年里他们***次见面.

It was the first time we had spoken together. 这是我们***次在一起说话.

（6）intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事

这种结构也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜.

I had intended to call on you yesterd***, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要去看你,但我来了个不速之客.

We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn’t in.我们本想把这个消息告诉她的,但发现她不在家.

（7）过去完成时常用结构有“hardly, scarcely, barely … when, no sooner… than等副词的句子里.

She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他刚睡下铃就响了.

No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他们刚刚离开大楼,一颗炸弹就爆炸了.

（8）当before , after, as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧接时,由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系,因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示.

We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后,我们吃早饭.

The train started to move just before we reached the station.我们到车站时火车刚开动.

As soon as they got there, they started to study.他们一到那里就开始学习了.

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